On January 22, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to revisit the Article III standing bar that it had established in its pivotal 2016 Spokeo decision. In the 2016 decision, the High Court reviewed whether the plaintiff had established standing for alleged violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act by the defendant. The Court announced that plaintiffs cannot rely solely on statutory violations to establish Article III standing and remanded the case back to the Ninth Circuit. Seeking to have the Ninth Circuit's decision overruled, the defendant petitioned the Supreme Court, pleading the Court to resolve the "widespread confusion" over what types of intangible injuries are capable of being used to establish standing; however, the Supreme Court declined to hear the case a second time.

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